What is included in the second tier of precautions aside for contact precautions?

The second tier of precautions, often referred to as transmission-based precautions, encompasses measures designed to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings beyond what is provided through standard precautions. Airborne infection precautions are crucial as they address the management of diseases that are spread through airborne routes. Such precautions are essential for infections like tuberculous bacilli and certain viruses, which remain suspended in the air and can be inhaled by others even from a distance.

This tier focuses on utilizing specialized protective measures, such as specific isolation rooms equipped with HEPA filters, the use of N95 respirators or powered air-purifying respirators for healthcare workers, and protocols to limit exposure. This is particularly significant in the healthcare professional's context, where safeguarding patient and staff health is paramount in the presence of airborne pathogens.

In contrast, while aseptic techniques and personal hygiene practices contribute to overall infection control, they fall under standard precautions rather than a specific tier focused on particular modes of transmission. Standard isolation practices also align with basic infection control measures rather than representing a created tier specifically tailored to airborne diseases. Thus, airborne infection precautions correctly categorize a critical aspect of the additional protective measures in the second tier of infection control.